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Procuring the right cUAS equipment is only a fraction of the problem, training, deployment and constant assesement of the threat vector is an ongoing challenge, with the war hardened team of experts at Adibis on your side, you are assured of the best in class advise. Suggested specifications  To effectively detect small drones in urban environments, the radar system must be designed with specific features that address the challenges faced by legacy air defense radars. Below are the preferred specifications for such a radar system: 1. Type of Radar 2. Frequency Band 3. Field of View (FOV) 4. Range Resolution 5. Detection Range 6. Clutter Rejection 7. Doppler Shift Detection 8. System Integration 9. Environmental Resilience 10. Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) Procuring the right cUAS equipment is only a fraction of the problem, training, deployment and constant assesement of the threat vector is an ongoing challenge, with the war hardened team of experts at Adibis on your side, you are assured of the best in class advise from 

According to Global Market Insights, the Global Anti-Drone or Counter-UAV Market was valued at $1.9 billion in 2023 and is forecasted to be worth USD 15.3 billion by 2032, growing at an estimated CAGR of 26.0% between 2024 and 2032. More information can be found at the following link- https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/anti-drone-market AdiBis along with other Industry leaders is poised to introduce #WALAT3M platform to counter the growing threat of drones as well as facilitate the launch of Flying Taxis or eVTOL traffic by 2026 in India.

https://adibis.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/F7000-Radars.mp4 Understanding Range Resolution A drone detection radar has to often spot a difference between a drone and a bird and then be able to exactly spot, which one of those is indeed not a bird when the drone might be seen with a flock in the background and in yet a more difficult situation help identify a rogue drone entry amongst the friendly ones, often a challenging task for the legacy radars. Let’s understand each of the factors affecting the verification process, which the smart Radar will have to factor while being deployed for Drone detection duties. Range resolution in radar refers to a radar’s ability to distinguish between multiple targets that are close together but at different distances. It’s the smallest separation between two quantities that the radar can identify.  Range resolution is dependent on the transmitted waveform and inversely proportional to the signal bandwidth. A radar system can distinguish between targets separated by half the pulse width. Finer resolution can be achieved by transmitting a linear frequency modulated (chirp) pulse, followed by pulse compression techniques on the received waveforms. The degree of range resolution depends on the width of the transmitted pulse and the type and size of the target. As an example, A radar operating in the 24 to 24.25GHz band has a range resolution of about 60cm, however, a 77GHz radar operating with 1GHz bandwidth has a range resolution of about 15cm, now imagine the range resolution of the Air Defence Radars operating in S band and the Ground surveillance Radars operating X band. Till the time, these Radars were meant to track larger aircrafts or cars or trucks, the Range resolution wasn’t an issue at all, however, for the IFF function in drone detection missions, a range resolution in a meter or two is an essential criterion. If the subject if of your interest, continue to watch this space or drop us a line at www.AdiBis.in

Over the last two years, the Anti Drone systems have attracted a lot of attention, with the advent of SWARM attack threats, there hardly a few in the security detail, who might have not heard about this new setup. Popularly known as cUAS, the Counter measures to monitor and mitigate the hostile drone threats are an enigma of sorts, each one trying to defend with one solution or another with a sole objective to stop the intruder in its tracks and prevent it from causing any harm. The most important aspect of the Anti Drone solution is Detection, the specialised sensor stack, which provides an alert if any new flying object enters the monitored airspace, easier said than done; till the time the drones are broadcasting their identification dataset, it is easier, it all depends on the configuration and sensitivity of the radios deployed. While the most of the popular models like DJI can be easily detected, identified and to some extent, even tracked, the bit difficult part is to find the drones which do not transmit their Drone ID, the ones which have been tampered with or even more deadly, DIY types fabricated by the guys with nefarious intent. To detect these dark drones or RF Silent drones, Radars and EO devices are common, sometimes assisted by an elaborate array of accoustic sensors, however, the problem lies with the ease of operations, none of the latter are as modular as the most popular device called Aeroscope, earlier sold by DJI for the benefit of the Airspace regulators, now kind of discontinued after its widespread use in the Ukraine- Russia conflict. Some of the NextGen RF sensors are able to detect the frequency hopping signals used by the drones and even geolocate those in 2D and 3D, but those kind of SDRs are both expensive and require careful calibration and training. EO devices or Day & Night PTZ cameras are good for fixed sites, where a perched up installation is possible, however, these need a clear line of sight, sometimes not quite feasible in dense Urban environment or in mobile applications. Night vision thermal cameras come with a steep price tag and other limitations and hence generally conspicuous by their absence in field conditions. Radars are becoming the first choice for detection as these can work Day & Night and do not generally get affected by climate, thus the sturdy ones can be left out to provide 24×7 situational awareness. Radars also require an elevated mounting position to be able to see the distance and avoid the ground clutter. Legacy perimeter surveillance radars weren’t designed to detect drones or birds, but much larger objects like vehicles, human and animal intrusions, their Air Defence counterparts can detect even a small aircraft nearly a hundred miles away, but they can stare at drones inconsequently just because those small objects can not trigger any response. Moreover, the Radars are generally not designed to look at the ground as the reflections from the ground will provide a humongous amount of data to be processed and overwhelm the Radar, thus the drones can fly undetected under the Radar. Only a few AESA panels with STAP capabilities can detect the drones flying under the installation height of the Radars Acoustic sensors were earlier not quite popular, however these are making a come back as these are low cost as compared to Thermal cameras and Radars. Acoustic panels can be deployed in remote Rural or forest conditions as the urban noise can create an issue. You cannot fight an enemy that you cannot see and thus most of the generic cUAS or Anti-Drone systems seemingly fail to stop the FPV attacks.

The lower airspace is going to get congested like never before, but prior to the population growth up there, the infrastructure to Monitor and Manage the plethora of flying objects must be put in place. For the beginners, the airspace needs to be monitored in real time with help of RF sensors, which can be either custom build Drone detection arrays or full Spectrum monitoring with SDR based SIGINT suite. The EO devices, consisting of day time Cameras can be complemented with Thermal ones, however, Radars can give an all day surveillance. In some cases Acoustic sensor arrays can also be found useful. Once the complete situational picture is built, the operator needs to evalute each occupant’s activity on real time basis, given the need for split second decision making and constant analysis of every move, the humongous volume of raw data is sifted with help of AI/ML computing on the edge and inference is derived. The ad^2 suite processes the Friend or Foe algorithms on the go and if any anomaly is detected, the threat is analysed on basis of the rules and alerts are generated. If the object is found to be a real threat, the kill chain gets initiated. Some of the Drones can be a threat to aviation in general and the assets on the ground, if so, Jamming and Spoofing sequences are the primary responses, if the rogue entry persists, Kinetic Kill chain is quite effective against most of the commercially available and some of the nefarious ones. One of the safer strategies is to capture those mid air with the help of Interceptor drones and haul the intruder to a safe zone for disposal, see more at https://adibis.in/index.php/2024/05/19/how-does-the-interceptor-work/ To learn more on the various types Mitigation devices and their efficacy, please initiate a query via your official channels, contact adibis@adibis.in for more details.

Now that the dark drones have been able to breach the EW, jamming and Spoofing barriers, the Interceptor drones are getting popular. A brief preview of NATO trails, more at https://www.dvidshub.net/video/821719/nato-counter-drone-technology